Almacenamiento de carbono en plantaciones exóticas andinas: Eucalyptus globulus vs Pinus radiata
Carbon storage in Andean exotic plantations: Eucalyptus globulus vs Pinus radiataContenido principal del artículo
Las plantaciones forestales constituyen sumideros fundamentales de carbono en ecosistemas de montaña, especialmente en el contexto del cambio climático global. El objetivo del presente estudio fue cuantificar el carbono almacenado en compartimentos aéreo, subterráneo y edáfico en cuatro sitios del entorno del Parque Nacional Huascarán. Para lo cual se aplicó un diseño factorial 2x2. Se utilizó un análisis de varianza (ANOVA) de dos factores para evaluar los efectos de especie, sitio e interacción sobre los stocks de carbono. Los resultados revelaron que el carbono total del ecosistema varió significativamente entre especies (F(1,28)=5.82, p=0.023) y sitios (F(1,28)=8.15, p=0.008), registrándose un promedio de 227.4 Mg C ha⁻¹ para P. radiata y 206.1 Mg C ha⁻¹ para E. globulus. Se identificó una interacción significativa especie-sitio (F(1,28)=4.31, p=0.047), evidenciando respuestas diferenciales según las condiciones altitudinales. El compartimento edáfico representó el mayor reservorio de carbono en ambas especies, aunque con patrones contrastantes entre localidades. Los resultados demuestran que Pinus radiata presenta mayor potencial como sumidero de carbono en estos sitios altoandinos, sugiriendo que la selección de especies para proyectos de reforestación debe considerar las condiciones altitudinales específicas para maximizar el secuestro de carbono y optimizar las estrategias de mitigación climática en ecosistemas montanos neotropicales.
Forest plantations constitute fundamental carbon sinks in mountain ecosystems, particularly in the context of global climate change. This study quantified carbon stored in aboveground, belowground, and edaphic compartments at four sites in the surroundings of Huascarán National Park, applying a factorial design of two species by two altitudes. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate the effects of species, site, and interaction on carbon stocks. Results revealed that total ecosystem carbon varied significantly between species (F(1,28)=5.82, p=0.023) and sites (F(1,28)=8.15, p=0.008), averaging 227.4 Mg C ha⁻¹ for P. radiata and 206.1 Mg C ha⁻¹ for E. globulus. A significant species-site interaction was identified (F(1,28)=4.31, p=0.047), evidencing differential responses according to altitudinal conditions. The edaphic compartment represented the largest carbon reservoir in both species, although with contrasting patterns between localities. The findings demonstrate that Pinus radiata presents greater potential as a carbon sink at these high Andean sites, suggesting that species selection for reforestation projects should consider specific altitudinal conditions to maximize carbon sequestration and optimize climate mitigation strategies in neotropical montane ecosystems.
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