Desempeño agronómico de dos variedades de cebolla con estiércoles compostados y microorganismos eficientes
Agronomic performance of two onion varieties with composted manure and efficient microorganismsContenido principal del artículo
La producción de cebolla (Allium cepa L.) en zonas altoandinas se ve limitada por la baja fertilidad del suelo, las prácticas de manejo convencional y la dependencia de insumos sintéticos que afectan la sustentabilidad de los agroecosistemas. Con el fin de evaluar alternativas agroecológicas que mejoren el rendimiento del cultivo, se desarrolló un experimento en Huayllapata (Cusco, Perú) aplicando estiércoles ovino, vacuno y de cuy previamente compostados y enriquecidos con microorganismos eficientes (EM). Se utilizó un Diseño de Bloques Completamente al Azar con arreglo factorial 2×7, considerando dos variedades de cebolla (Roja y Cristal White Wax) y siete tratamientos orgánicos, incluido un testigo sin fertilización. Se evaluaron altura de planta, diámetro de bulbo, peso de bulbo y rendimiento (t ha⁻¹). Los resultados muestran efectos altamente significativos de los tratamientos y de la interacción variedad × abono. La variedad Roja presentó los valores más altos en todas las variables, destacando el tratamiento EC+EM al 100%, que alcanzó 17.79 t ha⁻¹. Los estiércoles compostados enriquecidos con EM demostraron ser una alternativa viable, sostenible y de alto impacto productivo para condiciones altoandinas.
Onion (Allium cepa L.) production in high-Andean zones is limited by low soil fertility, conventional management practices, and dependence on synthetic inputs that compromise the sustainability of agroecosystems. In order to evaluate agroecological alternatives that enhance crop yield, an experiment was conducted in Huayllapata (Cusco, Peru) using sheep, cattle, and guinea pig manures previously composted and enriched with Effective Microorganisms (EM). A Randomized Complete Block Design with a 2×7 factorial arrangement was implemented, considering two onion varieties (Red and Cristal White Wax) and seven organic treatments, including an unfertilized control. Plant height, bulb diameter, bulb weight, and yield (t ha⁻¹) were evaluated. The results show highly significant effects of the treatments and of the variety × fertilizer interaction. The Red variety recorded the highest values for all variables, with the EC+EM 100% treatment achieving 17.79 t ha⁻¹. Composted manures enriched with EM proved to be a viable, sustainable, and high-impact alternative for production under high-Andean conditions.
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