Plaguicidas y contaminación ambiental en países andinos: un análisis bibliométrico
Pesticides and environmental pollution in andean countries: a bibliometric analysisContenido principal del artículo
El estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la producción científica de plaguicidas y contaminación ambiental en los países andinos mediante un análisis bibliométrico en el periodo 2000–2025. Se recopilaron artículos originales indexados en Scopus, y se analizaron tendencias de productividad, autores más citados, principales instituciones, patrones de colaboración y estructura temática. Mediante la aplicación del protocolo PRISMA se incluyeron 412 artículos. Los resultados indican un crecimiento progresivo de publicaciones, con aumentos significativos después de 2011, 2018 y 2024. La producción se localiza, principalmente, en Argentina; sin embargo, países como Bolivia, Ecuador o Venezuela presentaron una participación reducida. Las instituciones argentinas encabezan la actividad científica en este campo, con una infraestructura académica consolidada en temas ambientales. Las redes de coautoría muestran claros grupos nacionales, pero poca interacción entre los países andinos. Además, las palabras clave muestran un predominio del monitoreo ambiental, los contaminantes químicos y los efectos ecotoxicológicos, quedando poco explorados los enfoques de salud humana o políticas públicas. El estudio concluye que la investigación sobre plaguicidas y contaminación ambiental en los países andinos ha aumentado en los últimos 25 años, pero aún existen grandes asimetrías entre países y un desarrollo temático desigual. La evidencia indica que la producción científica se localiza en pocos países más institucionalizados. Por ende, los resultados ofrecen una perspectiva sistematizada del estado actual del conocimiento e identifican la necesidad de fortalecer la cooperación regional, involucrar a más actores institucionales y diversificar las agendas de investigación para conocer los efectos de los plaguicidas en los ecosistemas andinos.
The study aimed to analyze the scientific production on pesticides and environmental pollution in the Andean countries through a bibliometric analysis covering the period 2000–2025. Original articles indexed in Scopus were collected, and trends in productivity, most cited authors, leading institutions, collaboration patterns, and thematic structure were examined. Using the PRISMA protocol, 412 articles were included. The results indicate a progressive increase in publications, with significant growth after 2011, 2018, and 2024. Scientific production is mainly concentrated in Argentina; however, countries such as Bolivia, Ecuador, and Venezuela show limited participation. Argentine institutions lead research activity in this field, supported by a consolidated academic infrastructure in environmental sciences. Co-authorship networks reveal clear national clusters but limited interaction among Andean countries. Additionally, keyword analysis shows a predominance of environmental monitoring, chemical contaminants, and ecotoxicological effects, while human health and public policy approaches remain underexplored. The study concludes that research on pesticides and environmental pollution in the Andean region has expanded over the past 25 years, but significant national asymmetries and uneven thematic development persist. The evidence indicates that scientific production is concentrated in a small group of more institutionalized countries. Therefore, the findings offer a systematized perspective of the current state of knowledge and highlight the need to strengthen regional cooperation, involve more institutional actors, and diversify research agendas to better understand the effects of pesticides on Andean ecosystems.
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