Morphometric comparison of digestive organs in broiler chickens under different rearing systems
Comparación morfométrica de órganos digestivos en pollos broilers bajo distintos sistemas de crianzaMain Article Content
Digestive organ morphometry is a key indicator of health and productive efficiency in poultry farming. Alternative rearing systems, such as grazing, are of interest due to their potential impact on digestive physiology and animal welfare. In this regard, the objective of this research was to compare the weight, diameter, and length of digestive organs in broiler chickens under two different systems: intensive and grazing. Twenty male chickens were evaluated, distributed equally between both systems. Twenty Cobb 500 chickens were used, distributed equally between both systems. After slaughter, morphometric analysis and relative weight index were performed. Statistical analysis included Student's t-test and Wilcoxon's test. The free-range birds had higher values for body weight, esophagus, proventriculus, small intestine, and large intestine, with the latter being the most relevant (p < 0.001). Regarding diameter, the esophagus, small intestine, large intestine, and pancreas showed significant differences in favor of free-range. In terms of length, the esophagus and large intestine stood out, with greater development in free-range birds. In conclusion, the rearing system influences the development of the digestive and immune organs of chickens, as free-range chickens tend to be more robust, efficient, and adapted to natural conditions.
La morfometría de órganos digestivos es un indicador clave de la salud y eficiencia productiva en avicultura. Los sistemas de crianza alternativos, como el pastoreo, generan interés por su potencial impacto en la fisiología digestiva y el bienestar animal. Al respecto, el objetivo de la presente investigación fue comparar el peso, diámetro y longitud de órganos digestivos en pollos broiler bajo dos sistemas distintos: intensivo y pastoreo. Se evaluaron 20 pollos machos distribuidos equitativamente en ambos sistemas. Se utilizaron 20 pollos Cobb 500, distribuidos equitativamente en ambos sistemas. Tras el sacrificio, se realizó el análisis morfométrico y el índice de peso relativo. El análisis estadístico incluyó pruebas T Student y Wilcoxon. Las aves de pastoreo presentaron valores superiores en peso corporal, esófago, proventrículo, intestino delgado e intestino grueso, siendo este último el más relevantes (p < 0,001). Respecto al diámetro, el esófago, el intestino delgado, intestino grueso y páncreas mostraron diferencias significativas a favor del pastoreo. En la longitud destacan el esófago e intestino grueso, con mayor desarrollo en aves de pastoreo. En conclusión, el sistema de crianza influye en el desarrollo de órganos digestivos e inmunológicos de los pollos ya que en pastoreo tiende a ser más robusto, eficiente y adaptado a condiciones naturales.
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