Efecto del compostaje de desechos orgánicos municipales en la enmendación del drenaje ácido de mina
Effect of municipal organic waste composting on acid mine drainage amendmentBarra lateral del artículo
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La responsabilidad ambiental de las empresas mineras es una preocupación nacional ya que contaminan las aguas subterráneas y superficiales debido a la generación de drenaje ácido de mina que contiene metales pesados afectando la salud de los seres vivos. El objetivo de la investigación fue conocer el impacto del compostaje de desechos orgánicos municipales en la enmendación de drenaje ácido de mina. Se desarrolló bajo la guía metodológica del enfoque cuantitativos, ya que se manipularon las variables independientes, utilizando un diseño experimental realizando mediciones en los grupos experimental y control a las 0, 24, 48 y 72 horas. Los resultados mostraron que el compostaje tuvo un efecto positivo en la enmendación de drenaje ácido de mina, logrando una disminución de la acides (pH = 2,52 a 6,2) por otra parte, se eliminó en su totalidad la concentración de los metales pesados como el arsénico, mercurio y plomo, sin embargo en el caso del cadmio la concentración bajó de 3,0 a 0,8. Concluyendo que el compostaje de residuos orgánicos domiciliarios tiene un efecto positivo en la enmendación de drenajes ácidos de mina, ya que incrementa el valor del pH y reduce la concentración de metales pesados
The environmental responsibility of mining companies is a national concern since they contaminate ground and surface waters due to the generation of acid mine drainage that contains heavy metals affecting the health of living beings. The objective of the research was to know the impact of municipal organic waste composting in the amendment of acid mine drainage. It was developed under the methodological guide of the quantitative approach, since the independent variables were manipulated, using an experimental design with measurements in the experimental and control groups at 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours. The results showed that composting had a positive effect on the amendment of acid mine drainage, achieving a decrease in acidity (pH = 2.52 to 6.2) on the other hand, the concentration of heavy metals such as arsenic, mercury and lead was completely eliminated, however in the case of cadmium the concentration decreased from 3.0 to 0.8. In conclusion, the composting of household organic wastes has a positive effect on the amendment of acid mine drainage, since it increases the pH value and reduces the concentration of heavy metals.
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