Determinantes fisicoquímicos del suelo y su influencia en la productividad de Ipomoea batatas L. en valles costeros áridos de Perú
Soil physicochemical determinants and their influence on the productivity of Ipomoea batatas L. in arid coastal valleys of PeruContenido principal del artículo
Contexto: Las propiedades fisicoquímicas del suelo constituyen factores determinantes en la productividad agrícola, especialmente en sistemas de cultivo de valles costeros áridos, donde la salinidad, la reacción del suelo y la textura influyen directamente en la disponibilidad de nutrientes y en el desarrollo radicular. Objetivo: Evaluar los niveles de pH, conductividad eléctrica y textura del suelo, así como analizar su influencia sobre los indicadores productivos del cultivo del camote en el valle de Cañete, Perú. Metodología: El diseño experimental fue un diseño completamente aleatorizado con arreglo factorial (5D x 3V), generando quince combinaciones de tratamiento. Se recolectaron 100 muestras de suelo en parcelas representativas de 5 distritos. Las muestras fueron analizadas en laboratorio para determinar pH, conductividad eléctrica y clase textural. Paralelamente, se evaluaron variables productivas del cultivo, incluyendo rendimiento (kg /ha), peso total, tamaño de tubérculos y clasificación comercial. El análisis estadístico comprendió análisis de varianza, prueba de comparación múltiple de Duncan y análisis de correlación de Pearson. Resultados: Se evidenciaron diferencias altamente significativas entre variedades en el rendimiento del cultivo (p < 0,01), destacando la variedad Huambachero con rendimientos promedio cercanos a 14 200 kg/ha. Asimismo, el pH mostró una correlación negativa moderada con el rendimiento (r = −0,42), mientras que la conductividad eléctrica presentó una correlación positiva débil (r = 0,28). Conclusiones: Las propiedades fisicoquímicas del suelo influyen en la productividad del camote en el valle de Cañete, proporcionando bases científicas para optimizar el manejo agronómico y la gestión sostenible del suelo en agroecosistemas costeros de Perú.
Context: Soil physicochemical properties are key determinants of agricultural productivity, particularly in arid coastal valley cropping systems where salinity, soil reaction (pH), and texture directly influence nutrient availability and root development. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and textural classes, and to analyze their influence on the production indicators of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) in the Cañete Valley, Peru. Methodology: A completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement (5D × 3V) was employed, resulting in fifteen treatment combinations. One hundred soil samples were collected from representative plots across five districts. Laboratory analyses were conducted to determine pH, EC, and textural class. Concurrently, crop production variables were evaluated, including yield (kg ha⁻¹), total weight, storage root size, and commercial grading. Statistical analysis included analysis of variance (ANOVA), Duncan’s multiple range test, and Pearson correlation analysis. Results: Highly significant differences (p < 0.01) were observed among cultivars regarding crop yield, with the 'Huambachero' cultivar achieving the highest average yields, near 14,200 kg ha⁻¹. Furthermore, soil pH exhibited a moderate negative correlation with yield (r = −0.42), while electrical conductivity showed a weak positive correlation (r = 0.28). Conclusions: Soil physicochemical properties significantly influence sweet potato productivity in the Cañete Valley. These findings provide a scientific basis for optimizing agronomic practices and sustainable soil management in Peruvian coastal agroecosystems.
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