Calidad del agua subterránea y riesgo sanitario en el Centro Poblado Santiago, Ica, Perú
Groundwater quality and health risk in the Santiago Population Center, Ica, PeruBarra lateral del artículo
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La evaluación de la calidad del agua subterránea es fundamental para garantizar el acceso a un recurso seguro y saludable. En este estudio el objetivo fue analizar y determinar la calidad del agua subterránea y su influencia en la aptitud para el consumo humano en el Centro Poblado Santiago, mediante una investigación descriptiva, aplicada y longitudinal. Se recolectaron muestras en tres pozos tradicionales durante tres meses, midiendo parámetros fisicoquímicos y microbiológicos in situ. Los resultados mostraron que el pH promedio fue de 6.9, la temperatura de 18°C, y la turbiedad menor a 1 UTN. No se detectó presencia de coliformes totales ni E. coli, lo cual indica ausencia de contaminación fecal. Sin embargo, se encontraron trazas de nitratos por encima del umbral permitido en uno de los puntos. Estos hallazgos refieren que, si bien el agua cumple con algunos estándares de potabilidad, existen riesgos puntuales que requieren monitoreo constante. Se concluye que es necesario implementar un sistema sostenible de control de calidad del agua para prevenir riesgos sanitarios en la población.
Growing concern about ecosystem loss addresses the ecological and cultural importance of the high Andean ecosystem of Sachapata, in Nuñoa, Puno, Peru, dominated by Polylepis incarum forests. The objective was to assess floristic and ecological diversity as a basis for its conservation. An evaluative, descriptive, and analytical methodology was applied, establishing systematic plots for quantitative recording of flora and fauna, which allowed for scientific validation of the results. 182 plant species, 81 bird species, 9 mammal species, 2 amphibian species, and 3 reptile species were identified, highlighting high diversity indices (Shannon-Wiener: 3,892 for flora and 4,595 for fauna). In addition, the traditional knowledge of local communities was systematized, highlighting the cultural value of the forest. It is concluded that Sachapata constitutes a biological and cultural refuge of regional significance, and its recognition as a Regional Conservation Area is recommended to ensure its protection and sustainable use.
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