Glifosato y fertilizantes nitrogenados para controlar Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. en dos épocas
Glyphosate and nitrogen fertilizers to control Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. during two seasonsContenido principal del artículo
Sorghum halepense reduce significativamente la producción de varios cultivos. El uso de glifosato resulta relevante para el control de dicha especie, pudiendo mejorar su eficacia con adyuvantes como fertilizantes nitrogenados. Objetivo. Analizar técnica y económicamente el efecto de glifosato mezclado en tanque con dos fertilizantes (urea y sulfato de amonio) sobre el control de Sorghum halepense en dos épocas (primavera-verano y otoño-invierno). Materiales y Métodos. Se condujo el experimento bajo un diseño de bloques completos al azar con dos factores: dosis de producto comercial de glifosato (2 L ha-1, 3 L ha-1 y 4 L ha-1) y fertilizantes nitrogenados (5 kg ha-1 de urea y 3 kg ha-1 de sulfato de amonio), además de un testigo sin adición de fertilizante nitrogenado. Se evaluó en la maleza: altura de planta, cobertura, masa seca de rizomas y grado de control. Además, se analizaron los costos de cada tratamiento. Los resultados de altura de planta y masa seca de rizomas se sometieron a análisis de varianza y se utilizó la prueba de Tukey para comparar tratamientos. Resultados. La mezcla de glifosato con los adyuvantes nitrogenados redujo la altura, la cobertura foliar y el peso seco de rizomas de S. halepense en ambas épocas, en comparación a glifosato sin adyuvantes nitrogenados. Conclusiones. La aplicación de glifosato 2 L ha-1 con 3 kg ha-1 de sulfato de amonio mostró un control excelente de S. halepense a bajo costo, lo que sería una estrategia efectiva y económica en el manejo de dicha especie.
Sorghum halepense significantly reduces the production of several crops. The use of glyphosate is relevant for the control of this species, and its effectiveness can be improved with adjuvants such as nitrogen fertilizers. Objective. Analyze technically and economically the effect of glyphosate mixed in tank with two fertilizers (urea and ammonium sulfate) on the control of S. halepense in two seasons (spring-summer and autumn-winter). Materials and Methods. The experiment was conducted under a randomized complete block design with two factors: doses of commercial glyphosate product (2 L ha-1, 3 L ha-1 and 4 L ha-1) and nitrogen fertilizers (5 kg ha-1 of urea and 3 kg ha-1 of ammonium sulfate), and a control without addition of nitrogen fertilizer. Variables of weeds were: plant height, coverage, dry mass of rhizomes and degree of control. Additionally, the costs of each treatment were analyzed. The results of plant height and dry mass of rhizomes were subjected to analysis of variance, and the Tukey test was used to compare treatments. Results. The mixture of glyphosate with nitrogenous adjuvants reduced the height, leaf cover and dry mass of rhizomes of S. halepense in both seasons, compared to glyphosate without nitrogenous adjuvants. Conclusions. The application of glyphosate 2 L ha-1 with 3 kg ha-1 of ammonium sulfate favored excellent control of S. halepense at low cost, which would be an effective and economical strategy in the management of this species
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