Perfil químico y actividad antioxidante de aceites esenciales de hierbas aromáticas altoandinas del Perú
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Las hierbas aromáticas tienen una amplia distribución en la región de Apurímac, Perú, donde encontramos especies silvestres y cultivadas, su interés se basa en la presencia de aceites esenciales que contiene componentes bioactivos que son usados como conservantes en la industria de alimentos. El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar el perfil químico y actividad antioxidante de los aceites esenciales de Lepechinia meyenii (Walp) Epling y Mentha piperita L. La extracción de aceites esenciales se realizó mediante la destilación por arrastre de vapor de agua a condiciones de sobresaturación. Se determinaron los siguientes parámetros: rendimiento de extracción, densidad relativa e índice de refracción. El perfil químico se realizó mediante la cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrómetria de masas y la actividad antioxidante mediante la eliminación del radical libre 1,1-difenil-2-picrilhidrazilo y H2O2. (DPPH), como resultado, el porcentaje de rendimiento fue del 0,87 % y 0,56 %, con densidades de 0,942 g/mL y 0,919 g/mL y índice de refracción de 1,4917 y 1,4676 para Lepechinia meyenii (Walp) Epling y Mentha piperita L.), respectivamente. Los aceites esenciales se caracterizaron principalmente por una fracción sesquiterpenoides en un (55,73 %) y con una fracción monoterpenoides en un (55,60 %). La actividad antioxidante fue significante de 4,95-0,06 mg/mL y 7,21-0,21 mg/ mL. Los aceites esenciales a partir de hierbas aromáticas presentaron significativamente altos componentes químicos y actividad antioxidante, siendo posibles candidatos antimicrobianos, antioxidantes, antibacterianas para la industria alimentaria.
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