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Guzmán Mendoza Rojas
Context: The coffee production chain generates employment, income, and rural development, boosts local economies, and preserves cultural and environmental traditions. Objective: To analyze the coffee production chain in Peru, identifying its main links, structural constraints, and opportunities to strengthen competitiveness, with implications for agricultural policies, organizational management, and commercial articulation. Materials and methods: A systematic review with a qualitative approach and a descriptive-documentary design was conducted, guided by PRISMA 2020 guidelines adapted to the agricultural sector. Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, Redalyc, and Dialnet were searched, along with official institutional repositories; of 57 records identified, 42 academic and institutional sources published between 2020 and 2024 were included, complemented by reference theoretical literature. Results: Production is the main bottleneck due to low productivity, aging coffee plantations, limited technical assistance, and vulnerability to pests and climate variability. Significant gaps remain in post-harvest infrastructure, processing, and commercialization, where dependence on intermediaries and restricted access to certifications limit value capture. Opportunities are identified in specialty and organic coffees, sustainability certifications, technological traceability, and cooperative strengthening. Conclusion: The competitiveness of Peruvian coffee requires integrated interventions in technological improvement, plantation renewal, infrastructure, and organizational capacity, articulated through public policies with a territorial approach.
Contexto: La cadena productiva del café genera empleo, ingresos y desarrollo rural, impulsa economías locales y preserva tradiciones culturales y ambientales. Objetivo: Analizar la cadena productiva del café en el Perú, identificando sus principales eslabones, limitaciones estructurales y oportunidades para fortalecer la competitividad, con implicancias para las políticas agrarias, la gestión organizacional y la articulación comercial. Materiales y métodos: Revisión sistemática con enfoque cualitativo y diseño descriptivo-documental, orientada por lineamientos del protocolo PRISMA 2020 adaptados al sector agrario. Se consultaron Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, Redalyc y Dialnet, además de repositorios institucionales oficiales; de 57 registros identificados se incorporaron al análisis 42 fuentes académicas e institucionales publicadas entre 2020 y 2024, complementadas con literatura teórica de referencia. Resultados: La producción constituye el principal cuello de botella por la baja productividad, el envejecimiento de los cafetales, la limitada asistencia técnica y la vulnerabilidad frente a plagas y variabilidad climática. Persisten brechas en la infraestructura de postcosecha, en la transformación y en la comercialización, donde la dependencia de intermediarios y el acceso restringido a certificaciones limitan la captura de valor. Se identifican oportunidades en cafés especiales y orgánicos, certificaciones de sostenibilidad, trazabilidad tecnológica y fortalecimiento cooperativo. Conclusión: La competitividad del café peruano requiere intervenciones integrales en tecnificación, renovación de cafetales, infraestructura y organización, articuladas mediante políticas públicas de enfoque integral y territorial.

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Analysis of the coffee production chain. Alfa Revista de Investigación en Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias [Internet]. 2026 Sep. 28 [cited 2026 Oct. 13];10(30):1-14. Available from: https://revistaalfa.org/index.php/revistaalfa/article/view/709
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