Efecto hipoglucemiante del extracto acuoso liofilizado de corteza de Moringa oleifera Lam. en un modelo experimental de hiperglucemia en Rattus norvegicus var. Albinus
Hypoglycemic effect of lyophilized aqueous Moringa oleifera Lam. bark extract on an experimental hyperglycemia model in Rattus norvegicus var. AlbinusContenido principal del artículo
Contexto: La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y la hiperglucemia crónica representan un problema de salud pública global. En este contexto, Moringa oleifera Lam. se postula como alternativa fitoterapéutica con potencial hipoglucemiante. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto del extracto acuoso liofilizado de corteza de M. oleifera sobre la glucemia en un modelo de hiperglucemia inducida por estreptozotocina en Rattus norvegicus var. albinus. Metodología: Se emplearon 40 ratas macho en cuatro grupos (n=10): control negativo, control positivo, experimental 1 (250 mg/kg) y experimental 2 (500 mg/kg). La hiperglucemia se indujo con estreptozotocina (50 mg/kg). La glucosa sérica se midió a los 0, 7, 14, 21 y 28 días con el analizador Cobas c311. Se aplicó ANOVA de una vía y prueba de Tukey (p<0,05). Resultados: El grupo experimental 2 (500 mg/kg) mostró la mayor reducción de glucemia, de 312,4 ± 28,6 mg/dL a 148,7 ± 19,3 mg/dL al día 28 (p<0,001), una disminución del 52,4%. Adicionalmente, el grupo experimental 1 (250 mg/kg) redujo la glucemia significativamente (312,1 ± 30,2 a 198,5 ± 22,1 mg/dL; p<0,001). Por el contrario, el control positivo no evidenció recuperación espontánea. Conclusiones: El extracto demostró un potente efecto hipoglucemiante, dosis-dependiente, avalando su potencial como agente fitoterapéutico complementario y justificando estudios preclínicos adicionales.
Context: Type 2 diabetes and chronic hyperglycemia represent a critical global public health burden. Moringa oleifera Lam. is proposed as a phytotherapeutic alternative with significant hypoglycemic potential. Objective: To evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of lyophilized aqueous M. oleifera bark extract on streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia in Rattus norvegicus var. Albinus. Methods: Forty male rats were divided into four groups (n=10): negative control, positive control, experimental group 1 (250 mg/kg), and experimental group 2 (500 mg/kg). Hyperglycemia was induced with streptozotocin (50 mg/kg). Serum glucose levels were measured on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 using the Cobas c311 analyzer. Statistical significance was assessed via one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p<.05). Results: Experimental group 2 (500 mg/kg) exhibited the greatest glucose reduction, decreasing from 312.4 ± 28.6 mg/dL to 148.7 ± 19.3 mg/dL by day 28 (p<.001), representing a 52.4% decrease. Similarly, experimental group 1 (250 mg/kg) significantly reduced glycemia from 312.1 ± 30.2 to 198.5 ± 22.1 mg/dL (p<.001). Conversely, the positive control group showed no spontaneous recovery. Conclusion: The extract demonstrated a potent, dose-dependent hypoglycemic effect, validating its potential as a complementary phytotherapeutic agent and justifying further preclinical research.
Descargas
Detalles del artículo
International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas. 10th ed. Brussels: IDF; 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109062
Saeedi P, Petersohn I, Salpea P, Malanda B, Karuranga S, Unwin N, et al. Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2019;157:107843. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2019.107843
Ruiz AJ, Aschner PJ, Puerta MF, Alfonso-Cristancho R. Prevalencia de dislipidemia en individuos de bajo riesgo cardiovascular en América Latina: resultados del estudio PURE. Rev Colomb Cardiol. 2019;26(1):1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rccar.2018.10.011
Seclen SN, Rosas ME, Arias AJ, Huayta E, Medina CA. Prevalence of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in Peru: report from PERUDIAB, a national urban population-based longitudinal study. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2015;3(1):e000110. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2015-000110
ElSayed NA, Aleppo G, Aroda VR, Bannuru RR, Brown FM, Bruemmer D, Collins BS, et al. 1. Mejorar la atención y promover la salud en las poblaciones: Estándares de atención en diabetes—2023 . Diabetes Care. 2023; 46 (Suplemento_1): S10–S18. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc23-S001
Phung OJ, Scholle JM, Talwar M, Coleman CI. Effect of noninsulin antidiabetic drugs added to metformin therapy on glycemic control, weight gain, and hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes. JAMA. 2010;303(14):1410-1418. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2010.405
Gopalakrishnan L, Doriya K, Kumar DS. Moringa oleifera: A review on nutritive importance and its medicinal application. Food Sci Hum Wellness. 2016;5(2):49-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fshw.2016.04.001
Abdul Razis AF, Ibrahim MD, Kntayya SB. Health benefits of Moringa oleifera. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2014;15(20):8571-8576. https://doi.org/10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.20.8571
Vergara-Jiménez M, Almatrafi MM, Fernandez ML. Bioactive components in Moringa oleifera leaves protect against chronic disease. Antioxidants. 2017;6(4):91. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox6040091
Leone A, Spada A, Battezzati A, Schiraldi A, Aristil J, Bertoli S. Cultivation, genetic, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Moringa oleifera leaves: an overview. Int J Mol Sci. 2015;16(6):12791-12835. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms160612791
Toma A, Makonnen E, Mekonnen Y, Debella A, Addisakwattata S. Intestinal α-glucosidase and some pancreatic enzymes inhibitory effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Moringa stenopetala leaves. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014;14:180. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-14-180
Waterman C, Rojas-Silva P, Tumer TB, Kuhn P, Richard AJ, Wicks S, et al. Isothiocyanate-rich Moringa oleifera extract reduces weight gain, insulin resistance, and hepatic gluconeogenesis in mice. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2015;59(6):1013-1024. https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201400679
Woldekidan S, Mulu A, Ergetie W, Teka F, Meressa A, Tadele A, et al. Evaluation of Antihyperglycemic Effect of Extract of Moringa stenopetala (Baker f.) Aqueous Leaves on Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, 2021;14, 185–192. https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S266794
Al-Malki AL, El Rabey HA. The antidiabetic effect of low doses of Moringa oleifera Lam. seeds on streptozotocin-induced diabetes and diabetic nephropathy in male rats. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:381040. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/381040
Stohs SJ, Hartman MJ. Review of the safety and efficacy of Moringa oleifera. Phytother Res. 2015;29(6):796-804. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5325
Cuellar-Nuñez ML, Luzardo-Ocampo I, Campos-Vega R, Gallegos-Corona MA, González de Mejía E, Loarca-Piña G. Physicochemical and nutraceutical properties of moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaves and their effects in an in vivo AOM/DSS-induced colorectal carcinogenesis model. Food Res Int. 2018;105:159-168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2017.10.073
Johnston KL, Clifford MN, Morgan LM. Coffee acutely modifies gastrointestinal hormone secretion and glucose tolerance in humans: glycemic effects of chlorogenic acid and caffeine. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;78(4):728-733. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/78.4.728
Vongsak B, Sithisarn P, Gritsanapan W. Bioactive contents and free radical scavenging activity of Moringa oleifera leaf extract under different storage conditions. Ind Crops Prod. 2013;49:419-421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.05.010
Nigatu T. Epidemiology, complications and management of diabetes in Ethiopia: a systematic review: Review of diabetes in Ethiopia. J Diabetes. 2012;4(2):174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-0407.2011.00181.x
Giridhari VVA, Malathi D, Geetha K. Anti diabetic property of drumstick (Moringa oleifera) leaf tablets. Int J Health Nutr. 2011;2(1):1–5. https://www.academia.edu/117045708/Anti_diabetic_property_of_drumstick_Moringa_oleifera_leaf_tablets