Comportamiento de rendimiento de cuatro tipos de Brachiarias, con diferentes niveles de nitrógeno en Entisol
Yield behavior on the four types of Brachiarias, with different levels of nitrogen on EntisolContenido principal del artículo
Objetivo: Evaluar la respuesta productiva, la concentración de proteína bruta y el retorno económico de cuatro genotipos de Urochloa bajo cuatro niveles de nitrógeno durante dos ciclos de cultivo en Pilar, Ñeembucú. Métodos: Se evaluaron B. decumbens, B. brizantha, B. brizantha MG4 y B. brizantha MG5, con 0, 100, 200 y 300 kg N ha⁻¹, en un diseño de parcelas divididas con tres repeticiones. Se determinó rendimiento de materia seca, proteína bruta, indicadores edáficos iniciales y margen neto por venta hipotética del forraje como ensilaje. Resultados: El nitrógeno y la interacción ciclo × genotipo modificaron significativamente el rendimiento de materia seca. En el primer ciclo destacó B. brizantha MG5, especialmente con 200 kg N ha⁻¹, mientras que en el segundo ciclo B. decumbens mostró mayor estabilidad y mejor desempeño relativo. La proteína bruta respondió al ciclo, al genotipo, a la dosis de N y a sus interacciones, con evidencias de efectos de dilución y concentración según el balance entre biomasa y N acumulado. Económicamente, B. decumbens con 300 kg N ha⁻¹ generó el mayor ingreso neto acumulado de los dos ciclos. Conclusión: En el Entisol evaluado, la fertilización nitrogenada incrementó el potencial productivo de Urochloa, pero la respuesta fue específica por genotipo y ciclo. Para sistemas de corte orientados a ensilaje en Ñeembucú, B. decumbens aparece como la alternativa más estable bajo alta fertilización, mientras que MG5 requiere manejo ajustado al riesgo térmico e hídrico.
Objective: To evaluate dry-matter yield, crude protein concentration and economic return of four Urochloa genotypes under four nitrogen rates across two crop cycles in Pilar, Ñeembucú, Paraguay. Methods: B. decumbens, B. brizantha, B. brizantha MG4 and B. brizantha MG5 were tested with 0, 100, 200 and 300 kg N ha⁻¹ in a split-plot design with three replications. Dry-matter yield, crude protein, initial soil attributes and net margin from a hypothetical silage-oriented sale were assessed. Results: Nitrogen and the cycle × genotype interaction significantly affected dry-matter yield. B. brizantha MG5 performed best during the first cycle, especially at 200 kg N ha⁻¹, whereas B. decumbens showed greater stability and higher relative performance in the second cycle. Crude protein was affected by cycle, genotype, nitrogen rate and their interactions, suggesting dilution and concentration effects according to the balance between biomass production and N accumulation. Economically, B. decumbens fertilized with 300 kg N ha⁻¹ produced the highest cumulative net income over the two cycles. Conclusion: Nitrogen fertilization increased the productive potential of Urochloa in the evaluated Entisol, but responses were genotype- and cycle-specific. For silage-oriented cut-and-carry systems in Ñeembucú, B. decumbens is the most stable option under high N supply, whereas MG5 requires management that accounts for thermal and water-related risks.
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