Physicochemical and nutritional characterization of folic acid-enriched rice (Oryza sativa L.) for pregnant women
Caracterización fisicoquímica y nutricional del arroz (Oryza sativa L.) enriquecido con ácido fólico para gestantesMain Article Content
Context: Folic acid deficiency remains a critical public health concern, particularly affecting pregnant women by increasing the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs) in offspring. Given that rice is a global staple crop, its micronutrient fortification represents a strategic approach to enhance dietary folate intake. Objectives: This study aimed to characterize the physicochemical and nutritional properties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) enriched with folic acid through the parboiling technique, evaluating its thermal stability, storage behavior, and potential contribution to the dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for pregnant women. Methodology: An experimental design was employed to compare control and enriched rice samples. Physical dimensions, CIE Lab∗ colorimetry, and folic acid content (via HPLC) were analyzed. Furthermore, micronutrient retention was assessed following cooking and during a 90-day storage period at 25 °C and 40 °C. Results: Enriched rice exhibited a significant increase in folic acid (1.52 mg/100 g raw grain), with a retention rate of 72.4% after cooking and 61.8% after 90 days of storage at 25 °C. Colorimetric parameters showed significant differences between control and enriched samples, whereas physical dimensions remained unaffected. Conclusions: Rice enrichment via parboiling constitutes a viable strategy to improve folate intake in pregnant women, maintaining acceptable physicochemical properties and adequate nutrient retention. This approach offers a practical framework for preventing folic acid deficiencies and mitigating their impact on maternal and child health.
Contexto: La deficiencia de ácido fólico constituye un problema de salud pública que afecta especialmente a mujeres gestantes, aumentando el riesgo de defectos del tubo neural en la descendencia. Dado que el arroz es un alimento básico a nivel mundial, su fortificación con micronutrientes representa una estrategia potencial para mejorar la ingesta dietética de folatos. Objetivos: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo caracterizar fisicoquímica y nutricionalmente el arroz (Oryza sativa L.) enriquecido con ácido fólico mediante la técnica de parbolizado, evaluando su estabilidad térmica, su comportamiento durante el almacenamiento y su contribución a la ingesta de referencia de folatos en gestantes. Metodología: Se aplicó un diseño experimental comparando muestras de arroz control y enriquecido. Se analizaron dimensiones físicas, colorimetría CIE Lab* y contenido de ácido fólico mediante HPLC. Además, se evaluó la retención del micronutriente tras cocción y almacenamiento durante 90 días a 25 °C y 40 °C. Resultados: El arroz enriquecido mostró un aumento significativo en ácido fólico (1,52 mg/100 g crudo), con retención del 72,4 % tras cocción y 61,8 % tras 90 días a 25 °C. Los parámetros colorimétricos indicaron diferencias significativas entre control y enriquecido, mientras que las dimensiones físicas no se vieron afectadas. Conclusiones: El enriquecimiento de arroz mediante parbolizado constituye una alternativa viable para mejorar la ingesta de folatos en gestantes, manteniendo propiedades fisicoquímicas aceptables y una retención adecuada del nutriente. Esta estrategia ofrece un enfoque práctico para contribuir a la prevención de deficiencias de ácido fólico y sus consecuencias sobre la salud materno-infantil.
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