Alfa Revista de Investigación en Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias

Environmental compliance and institutional performance in municipal solid waste management in the Peruvian Amazon

Luis Antonio Flores Flores — 2026-05-04

Municipal solid waste management represents a major structural challenge in the Amazonian territories. The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of compliance with the environmental obligations established in current regulations regarding municipal solid waste management in the Loreto region during 2025. The research was applied, with a non-experimental, cross-sectional design and a mixed-methods approach that combined quantitative and qualitative analysis of available documentary information. Seventeen technical supervision reports were analyzed, and the Municipal Environmental Compliance Index (ICAM) was constructed. The results showed a generalized low institutional performance throughout the region, with a regional average ICAM score of 0.38 points out of a maximum of 1.0. Eighty-two percent of the municipalities evaluated were at levels of low or critical compliance, with no cases of high environmental compliance recorded. Open dumping was the predominant waste disposal method (88%), accompanied by a lack of leachate control systems (82%) and the burning of solid waste (65%). It is concluded that environmental non-compliance in the region stems from structural institutional limitations and a lack of adequate infrastructure for technically sound waste disposal. This underscores the urgent need to strengthen local environmental governance through differentiated interventions that consider the specific characteristics of the Amazonian territory.

Factors influencing the hepatic biochemical profile in canines (Canis lupus familiaris)

Luz Marina Ancco Rivera — 2026-05-04

The hepatic biochemical profile was evaluated in dogs treated at veterinary clinics. Blood samples were taken from 83 animals and classified according to breed, age, sex, body weight, and diet. Serum levels of total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase were determined in the blood samples. Serum was obtained by sedimentation. Serum hemolysis-free was transferred to 5 mL vials for freezing. Photometry techniques were used with a semi-automated biochemical analyzer. Data were analyzed using the D'Agostino-Pearson normality test and Levene's homogeneity of variances test. Z-test was used for breed and sex in total protein and albumin. Completely randomized design was used for age, weight, and diet in total protein and albumin. Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test was used for breed, age, sex, weight, and diet in total bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase. No significant differences were found (P ≥ 0.05) according to breed, age, sex, body weight, and diet, except for total bilirubin, which showed significant differences (P < 0.05) due to breed, being higher in criollo dogs. The values found could be used as a reference to differentiate factors that could affect the hepatic biochemical profile.

Agronomic and phytosanitary response of pea (Pisum sativum L.) to the application of root biostimulants in the central Andes of Peru

Iris Sánchez Baldeón — 2026-05-04

The intensive use of chemical fertilization in pea cultivation in Paucartambo - Pasco (Peru) generates risks of soil degradation, which is why the use of root bio-stimulants constitutes a sustainable alternative. The objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic and phytosanitary response of peas under the application of different combinations of bio-stimulants. The experiment was conducted at the Cacara Experimental Center – UNDAC (May–December 2025), using a Randomized Complete Block Design with four treatments and three replications: T1 (chemical fertilization 75-100-75 kg NPK/ha), T2 (Go Isolates® + BioFlora Fulvex® + Greenzit Phos-Humic®), T3 (Go Isolates® + Greenzit Phos-Humic®), and T4 (Go Green® + Greenzit Phos-Humic®). Yield components were evaluated using ANOVA and Tukey's test (p≤0.05), and pest and disease incidence was analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis test. Treatment T1 showed the highest weight of harvested pods (122.84 g), while T4 presented the highest number of formed pods (68.44) and the lowest incidence of downy mildew (28%), anthracnose (24.50%), and leaf miner flies (24%). The bio-stimulants showed significant effects on productive and health variables. It is concluded that the combination Go Green® + Greenzit Phos-Humic® represents a sustainable alternative to improve crop health and productive stability under Andean conditions.

Impact of alternative feeding in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus)

Stefany Lizbeth Sánchez Puma — 2026-05-04

Guinea pig farming is key to Andean food security, but traditional feeding systems limit its productivity and profitability, creating gaps between supply and demand. This study aimed to critically analyze the impact of alternative feeding strategies on the productive performance, digestibility, and health of guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus). A PRISMA systematic review was conducted in four databases, including 24 experimental and observational studies published between 2014 and 2024. Diets with agro-industrial by-products, local forages, and functional supplements maintained or improved weight gain, digestibility, and meat lipid quality. Supplements such as turmeric improved hematological parameters and reduced oxidative stress. Effectiveness critically depended on the inclusion proportion, processing, and physiological stage, promoting circular economy and economic viability. Alternative feeding strategies are technically and economically viable, but their adoption requires local adaptation and overcoming socioeconomic and cultural barriers.

Influence of storage and pre-incubation of fertile eggs on embryonic viability: A systematic review

Emily Alejandra Quinatoa Alcívar — 2026-05-04

Artificial incubation of fertile eggs is a cornerstone of the modern poultry industry, where losses associated with embryonic mortality and low hatchability represent a significant technical and economic challenge. This systematic review aimed to analyze the influence of storage and pre-incubation conditions on the embryonic viability of fertile broiler eggs, identifying the determining factors that affect fertility, hatchability, and optimal chick development. The study employed a qualitative approach and an exploratory-documentary scope. The PRISMA 2020 methodology was applied to select 53 documents, which were then subjected to bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer and Bibliometrix. The results were integrated into a multifactorial analysis synthesized in a radar chart. The findings confirm that prolonged storage and low relative humidity are the most detrimental factors, increasing early embryonic mortality and egg dehydration. This negative effect can be mitigated through pre-incubation (SPIDES), which contributes to the recovery of hatchability, provided that modulating variables such as storage temperature and batch age are precisely adjusted. It is concluded that embryonic viability is a dynamic and multifactorial process, in which the impact of prolonged storage can be attenuated through management strategies such as pre-incubation and systematic egg turning, aimed at promoting successful incubation.

Impact of Soil Moisture, Tillage Systems, and Nitrogen Fertilization on Upland Rice Yield in Panam

Kentaro Tomita — 2026-05-04

Context: Upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) remains a strategic option for agricultural environments with irregular water availability, although productivity depends on complex interactions among soil moisture, tillage system and nitrogen fertilization. Objective: To evaluate the effect of three soil conditions, two tillage systems and four nitrogen rates on grain yield and nutrient uptake of upland rice at the El Coco Experimental Farm, Coclé Province, Panama. Method: A 3 × 2 × 4 factorial arrangement was established in randomized complete blocks with four replications. Factors were soil or hydrological condition (dry, medium-moist and high-moist), tillage (zero and conventional) and nitrogen rate (0, 30, 60 and 100 kg N/ha). Infiltration rate, soil physicochemical properties, grain yield and N, P, K, Fe and Mn uptake at 65 days after sowing were assessed. Results: Nitrogen fertilization significantly increased yield and nutrient uptake, with the strongest response in the high-moist soil. The maximum yield was 3493 kg/ha with 100 kg N/ha and conventional tillage in high-moist soil. In dry soil, zero tillage showed a relative advantage, probably because of moisture conservation and lower surface disturbance. Conclusions: Soil moisture condition modulated the response to nitrogen and tillage. In the Coclé Plains, upland rice can be viable when nitrogen rate is adjusted to the edaphic environment and uniform recommendations are not extrapolated across contrasting soils.

Protective Effect of Dioscorea trifida L. "Sachapapa" Against Ranitidine- and Lincomycin-Induced Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity in Allium cepa

Luis Felipe Gonzales Llontop — 2026-05-08

Context: Cytotoxic and genotoxic damage caused by drugs such as ranitidine and lincomycin can compromise cellular integrity. Botanical extracts exhibit significant protective potential against these effects, with Dioscorea trifida L. ("sachapapa") emerging as a promising cytoprotective agent. Objective: To evaluate the protective effect of Dioscorea trifida against ranitidine- and lincomycin-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity using the Allium cepa test. Methods: Twenty Allium cepa bulbs were utilized, with 3-cm root apices distributed across four treatments: control (distilled water), 0.8% ranitidine, 0.8% lincomycin, and a combination of sachapapa (2 µg/mg) + 0.8% ranitidine + 0.8% lincomycin. A total of 2,000 cells per treatment were analyzed via microscopy at 1000X using the Tjio and Levan staining technique. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test (α=0.05). Results: Ranitidine induced clastogenic aberrations (single bridges: 3.1%; multiple bridges: 5.7%; isolated chromosomes: 1.9%) and aneugenic effects (c-metaphase: 1.5%; sticky chromosomes: 2.3%; spiraled: 2.8%). Lincomycin induced single bridges (1.7%), multiple bridges (1.7%), and nuclear buds (2.9%). Sachapapa pre-treatment reduced total aberrations to 1.5%, increased undamaged cells to 96.1%, and recovered the mitotic index from a range of 6.4–7.5% to 12.4%. Conclusions: Dioscorea trifida ("sachapapa") exerts a significant protective effect against cytotoxic and genotoxic damage induced by ranitidine and lincomycin in Allium cepa, highlighting its potential as a cytoprotective agent in pharmacological contexts.

Inorganic fertilization and yield of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) capsule variety in Cajabamba, Huacrachuco

Benancio Pantoja Medina — 2026-05-14

Context: The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a crop of high nutritional and economic significance, whose yield can be enhanced through the appropriate application of inorganic fertilization. Under specific agroecological conditions, it is essential to evaluate fertilization doses that promote productivity and optimize crop development. Objective: To evaluate the effect of inorganic fertilization on the yield of the 'Cápsula' variety common bean under the agroecological conditions of Cajabamba, Huacrachuco. Methodology: This research was an applied, experimental study using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four treatments and four replicates, totaling 16 experimental units. The population consisted of 2,496 bean plants, and the sample comprised 30 plants from the net experimental area, selected via simple random sampling. The evaluated variables were the number of pods per plant, seeds per pod, 100-seed weight, seed weight per net experimental area, and yield per hectare. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Results: Treatment T2, corresponding to the 40-80-40 dose, achieved the best results, with 11.88 pods per plant, 4.28 seeds per pod, a 100-seed weight of 65 g, and 0.84 kg per net experimental area, equivalent to 4,687.5 kg/ha. Significant statistical differences were observed between the fertilization doses and the control group. Conclusions: Inorganic fertilization significantly influenced bean yield, highlighting treatment T2 as the most efficient alternative to enhance crop productivity under the evaluated conditions.

Nighttime Light Pollution and Environmental Impacts in the District of Pichanaqui, Peru

Andrea Anabel Quispe Vargas — 2026-05-15

Context: Nighttime artificial light (ALAN) in public spaces causes skyglow and significant environmental degradation, adversely affecting biodiversity and climate stability. Objective: To evaluate nighttime light pollution and its environmental effects in the district of Pichanaqui, Chanchamayo, Peru. Methods: Adopting a descriptive, cross-sectional design, the study surveyed 385 pedestrians regarding the impacts of light pollution across three dimensions: biodiversity, night sky clarity, and climate change. Additionally, illuminance was measured at 28 sampling points on public roads according to the 2013 Public Lighting Technical Standard. Instrument validity was confirmed via Aiken's V coefficient through expert judgment. Results: Illuminance levels varied across the district, frequently exceeding the permissible 5–10 lux range for light-colored road surfaces (Type III). Conversely, sampling points 10, 14, 15, and 17 failed to reach the mandatory 30–40 lux range for dark-colored road surfaces (Type I). Respondents identified significant ecological and social impacts, including reduced insect and bird populations, diminished night sky visibility, a loss of connection with nature, and perceived contributions to climate change. Conclusions: Current public lighting levels in Pichanaqui pose a threat to biodiversity and night sky preservation, evidencing an urgent need for urban light pollution regulations.

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis acoustic regulation against vehicular noise in Iquitos, Peru

Ricardo Israel Guerra Ferreyra — 2026-05-18

Context: Introduction: urban vehicular noise significantly impacts environmental quality, necessitating green infrastructure solutions. Objective: to quantify the effectiveness of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. barriers in reducing vehicular noise along La Marina Avenue in Iquitos, Peru. Methods: the study adopted a quantitative, cross-sectional, and comparative design, focusing on continuous H. rosa-sinensis barriers. Purposive sampling was performed at six locations across the EsSalud and Bellavista Nanay sectors. Acoustic measurements utilized a Class 1 integrating sound level meter (IEC 61672-1:2013) following ISO 1996-2:2017 and MINAM protocols. Three conditions were compared: open field, Position A, and Position B. Results: the barriers had a mean height of 1.208 ± 0.066 m and a width of 1.008 ± 0.080 m. The open field LAeq,T was 74.63 ± 2.16 dB(A), exceeding environmental quality standards (ECA) at 100% of the sampling points. Position A showed a significant reduction of 2.90 ± 1.05 dB(A) (U=30.0; p=.033; r=.667), whereas Position B showed no significant difference (p=.120). Conclusion: H. rosa-sinensis provides measurable acoustic regulation; however, its effectiveness is constrained by insufficient barrier height and depth.